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              51
            
          
        
        
          
            GROUNDWATER
          
        
        
          and their hydraulic properties.
        
        
          Engineering Geology, 165(SI):
        
        
          3–19.
        
        
          Safari, E., Jalili Ghazizade, M.,
        
        
          Abduli, M.A., and Gatmiri, B.
        
        
          2014. Variation of crack intensity
        
        
          factor in three compacted clay
        
        
          liners exposed to annual cycle of
        
        
          atmospheric conditions with and
        
        
          without geotextile cover. Waste
        
        
          Management, 34: 1408–1415.
        
        
          Schakelford, C.D., and Javed, F. 1991.
        
        
          Large-scale laboratory perme-
        
        
          ability testing of a compacted clay
        
        
          soil. Geotechnical Testing Journal,
        
        
          14(2): 171–179.
        
        
          SQAE, 1985. Clauses administratives
        
        
          particulières – Section E. Société
        
        
          québécoise d’assainissement des
        
        
          eaux, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
        
        
          Tavenas, F., Jean, P., Leblond, P., and
        
        
          Leroueil, S. 1983. The perme-
        
        
          ability of natural soft clays. Part
        
        
          II: Permeability characteristics.
        
        
          Canadian Geotechnical Journal,
        
        
          20(4): 645–660.
        
        
          Xue, Q., Wan, Y., Chen, Y.-J., and
        
        
          Zhao, Y. 2014. Experimental
        
        
          research on the evolution laws of
        
        
          soil fabric of compacted clay liner
        
        
          in a landfill final cover under the
        
        
          dry-wet cycle. Bulletin of Engi-
        
        
          neering Geology and the Environ-
        
        
          ment, 73: 517–529.
        
        
          Yesiller, N., Miller, C.J., Inci, G., and
        
        
          Yaldo, K., 2000. Desiccation and
        
        
          cracking behavior of three com-
        
        
          pacted landfill liner soils. Engi-
        
        
          neering Geology, 57: 105–121.
        
        
          
            
              Robert P. Chapuis
            
          
        
        
          
            Department CGM,
          
        
        
          
            École
          
        
        
          
            Polytechnique, P.O. Box 6079,
          
        
        
          
            Stn. CV, Montreal, Quebec,
          
        
        
          
            Canada, H3C 3A7
          
        
        
          
            (514) 340 4711 ext. 4427
          
        
        
          
            Fax: (514) 340 4477
          
        
        
          
            Email:
          
        
        
        
          
            GEO-INTEREST
          
        
        
          
            Case History IX
          
        
        
          
            Part 1
          
        
        
          
            Hugh Nasmith has put together an
          
        
        
          
            excellent book on litigation which
          
        
        
          
            is easy to read, covers the litigation
          
        
        
          
            scene thoroughly, has subtle humour,
          
        
        
          
            and most important of all, is umder-
          
        
        
          
            standable. He remarks in the opening
          
        
        
          
            paragraphs that experienced geotech-
          
        
        
          
            nical engineers will find nothing new
          
        
        
          
            in the book except comfort that their
          
        
        
          
            situation is not unique. This is true but
          
        
        
          
            experienced engineers should read it
          
        
        
          
            anyway. (From a review by William A.
          
        
        
          
            Trow).
          
        
        
          
            This case history is copied almost
          
        
        
          
            word for word from the written
          
        
        
          
            judgement of the trialjudge who
          
        
        
          
            heard the case. Where the original
          
        
        
          
            judgement gives names of those
          
        
        
          
            involved the appropriate terms Con-
          
        
        
          
            tractor, Owner, Engineer, Technician,
          
        
        
          
            etc. have beensubstituted.Although
          
        
        
          
            longer thansome of theother casesitis
          
        
        
          
            valuablebecause it is clearly written
          
        
        
          
            andpermits the reader to follow the
          
        
        
          
            reasoning by which thejudge arrived
          
        
        
          
            at his decision.
          
        
        
          The defendant is a one-engineer
        
        
          soils engineering firm against which
        
        
          the plaintiff seeks to recover for
        
        
          the failure of a concrete floor in a
        
        
          warehouse on its land which settled
        
        
          because of inadequacies in the design
        
        
          and application of a “preload” of
        
        
          piled sand which had been used to
        
        
          compress the peaty soil in prepara-
        
        
          tion for construction.
        
        
          The soils engineering firm (which I
        
        
          shall refer to asthe “thedefendant”) was
        
        
          not engaged to design or supervise
        
        
          the preload. Nor was it given the
        
        
          information which it would require
        
        
          in order to express an opinion on
        
        
          the appropriateness of the preload-
        
        
          ing which the plaintiff did. But the
        
        
          plaintiff says the defendant, though
        
        
          not retained or paid to advise on the
        
        
          matter ought to have known that it
        
        
          was being relied on for advice and
        
        
          had both a duty to take care not to
        
        
          mislead the plaintiff and its contrac-
        
        
          tors and a duty also to warn of danger
        
        
          which it should have foreseen in what
        
        
          the plaintiff was doing.
        
        
          The present action as originally framed
        
        
          was also against the contractor who
        
        
          constructed the plaintiffs building,
        
        
          but this claim was settled before trial.
        
        
          By agreement between the present