 
          
            
              28
            
          
        
        
          
            Geotechnical News • June 2016
          
        
        
        
          
            GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION NEWS
          
        
        
          
            Table 4. Some instruments that can be considered for monitoring cut slopes in soil
          
        
        
          
            Possible geotechnical
          
        
        
          
            questions
          
        
        
          
            Measurement
          
        
        
          
            Some instruments that can be considered
          
        
        
          What are the initial site
        
        
          conditions?
        
        
          Pore water pressure
        
        
          Surface displacement
        
        
          Subsurface displacement
        
        
          Open standpipe piezometers
        
        
          Vibrating wire piezometers installed by the fully-grouted
        
        
          method
        
        
          Flushable piezometers
        
        
          (Pneumatic piezometers)
        
        
          Conventional surveying methods
        
        
          Remote methods
        
        
          (Tiltmeters)
        
        
          (Fiber-optic instruments)
        
        
          Inclinometers
        
        
          In-place inclinometers
        
        
          (Time domain reflectometry)
        
        
          (Fiber-optic instruments)
        
        
          Is the slope stable during
        
        
          excavation?
        
        
          Surface displacement
        
        
          Subsurface displacement
        
        
          Pore water pressure
        
        
          Conventional surveying methods
        
        
          Remote methods
        
        
          (Tiltmeters)
        
        
          (Time domain reflectometry)
        
        
          (Fiber-optic instruments)
        
        
          Inclinometers
        
        
          In-place inclinometers
        
        
          (Time domain reflectometry)
        
        
          (Fiber-optic instruments)
        
        
          Vibrating wire piezometers installed by the fully-grouted
        
        
          method
        
        
          Flushable piezometers
        
        
          Is the slope stable in the long
        
        
          term?
        
        
          As for “Is the slope stable
        
        
          during excavation?”
        
        
          Rainfall, for possible
        
        
          correlation with any
        
        
          displacement
        
        
          Load in tiebacks
        
        
          As for “Is the slope stable during excavation?”
        
        
          Rain gauges
        
        
          Load cells